Head lice are small, wingless insects that live on the scalp and feed on tiny amounts of blood. They lay eggs, called nits, close to the scalp, where warmth helps them develop. Nits cling tightly to hair strands, making them harder to remove. While lice do not carry disease, their bites can cause persistent itching and irritation. They cannot jump or fly and usually survive only briefly away from the scalp, which is why targeted treatment works best.

Treatment typically starts with a medicated shampoo or lotion designed to kill live lice. It’s important to follow instructions carefully, using the correct amount and timing. Because treatments may not remove nits, thorough combing is essential. Using a fine-toothed nit comb, work through small sections of damp hair from the scalp outward, wiping the comb frequently.

Follow-up care is crucial. Repeating treatment after about a week helps eliminate newly hatched lice. Wash pillowcases, hats, and hair accessories in warm water, and set aside non-washable items briefly. With calm, consistent care and regular checks, head lice can be managed effectively, allowing families to return to normal routines with confidence.